【作者】 迟毓凯；

【导师】 莫雷；

【作者基本信息】 华南师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 文本阅读认知研究是认知心理学研究的重要而特别的组成部分。近年来，在文本认知研究领域，研究者们将注意的焦点集中于文本表征的高级形式——情境模型加工规律的探讨，而情境模型空间维度更新是研究者们所考察的重点。 有研究者认为，情境模型空间维度的更新是一种线索依赖的回溯更新；也有研究者认为，空间维度的更新是一种非线索依赖的实时更新。本研究在系统总结与分析先前文献资料的基础上，指出了情境模型空间维度更新争论的实质，并提出了空间维度更新是在维度内外因素相互作用下一种灵活加工的观点，进而通过系列实验验证了这种假设。 本研究的主要目的是探讨情境模型空间维度非线索更新加工规律及影响因素。主要包括文献综述和实验研究两大部分。 文献综述包括三方面的主要内容。首先，对整个20世纪西方文本认知研究的发展历程进行了全景式的回顾，说明了文本认知研究的理论基础、研究手段及研究内容的历史演变，并指出了当前文本阅读认知研究中所存在的主要共识与主要争论。其次，对当前文本研究的核心内容——情境模型的研究现状进行了系统的介绍，概述了情境模型的基本结构，比较了情境模型的不同加工观点。再次，对情境模型空间维度的认知研究进行了重点的分析，简述了空间维度的结构特点与加工过程，并主要剖析了情境模型空间维度更新的不同争论及各种观点的局限性。在对以往研究评析的基础上，提出了本研究关于情境模型空间维度非线索更新的主要观点，即空间维度的更新是一种灵活的加工，它既可以是线索依赖的，也可以是非线索的；既可以是延时的，也可以是实时的，更新的性质与水平由空间维度内外因素的交互作用而决定。 在实验研究中，我们对这一假设进行了系统而全面的检验。所有的实验采取了相似的研究范式，典型的阅读文本描述了主人公与空间设置内物体的相互作用，该物体与角色的位置或是一致或是不一致，然后利用再认探测来检验一致和不一致物体之间通达性的差异，进而推断出情境模型空间维度更新的特点和规律。研究主要包括三个部分。 第一部分为实验1，我们主要探讨了不同研究范式下情境模型更新的不同特点。实验1a、1b和1c的结果表明，相对于自动呈现材料而言，被试在手动阅读的条件下，空间维度非线索实时更新的可能性更大。此外，在不同的探测位置上，所发现的空间维度非线索更新的证据是不同的。 第工部分包括实验2和实验3，我们主要考察了空间维度内部结构性因素与功能性因素在空间维度更新中的作用。实验Za和实验Zb的结果显示出，表述清晰、易于完形的文本结构有利于空间维度非线索更新的达成，这突出地表现在空间设置内物体的描写方式（以人为参照还是以物为参照）、叙述水平（精细阐述还是简单描写）对空间维度更新的影响上。而实验3a和实验3b的结果则说明，实体间功能性的相互作用对于空间维度的非线索更新具有重要的作用。空间设置内物体与角色的匹配程度、物体与注意焦点的距离都会对空间维度的更新加工造成影响。 第三部分包括实验4和实验5，我们主要研究了空间维度外部的时间因素与目标因素对空间维度非线索更新的影响。从实验4a和4b的结果可知，时间标记在空间维度的非线索更新中起着一定的作用，而且，不同的时间间隔对空间维度更新的影响是不同的。而实验sa、sb的结果则表明，角色目标在情境模型空间维度非线索更新过程中起着重要作用。与达成性目标相比，未达成性的目标对空间维度实时更新的影响程度更大。 综上所述，本研究剖析了文本认知研究的发展历程，考察了情境模型空间维度更新的不同侧面，揭示了空间维度非线索更新的基本规律及特点，研究结果对文本阅读认知研究具有一定的理论价值，同时对教育实践中的阅读指导也有一定的借鉴意义。当然，本研究也有待于今后进一步的探索和完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Research on text-reading comprehension is an important and special part of cognitive psychology. Recently, researchers focused their attention on the processing rules of situation models, which is higher level of text representation, while the research on updating of spatial situation models is the emphasis.Some researchers argued that the update of spatial situation models is backward processing by clue, but the others believed that it is on-line updating without clue. Based on review of previous literature, we illuminated the nature of updating spatial situation models, which is a flexible processing influenced by interaction between internal factors and exterior ones, and offered the evidences of this viewpoint by sets of experiments.The main goal of this paper is to find out the rules and the effective factors in updating spatial dimension of situation model. The dissertation is composed of two parts, the literature summary and the experiment research.The literature summary is divided into three sections. First, we introduced the history of text-cognitive research in West, including theory, method and content, and pointed out the main agreement and dispute about this field. Second, we narrated current researches on situation model, which is the central content of text-research, including its’ structure and processing. Finally, we mostly analyzed the cognitive research on spatial situation model, and then indicated the limitation ofeach theory in the past. Based on the review of literature, we advanced a new viewpoint about updating of spatial situation models, which suggested that the update of spatial situation models is a flexible processing, it may be done by clue, or without clue and it may be a online processing, or a off-line one. The nature of update is decided by the interaction between internal factors and exterior ones of spatial dimension.The experiments were designed to test systemically the hypotheses. We took similar research format in all experiments. A typical narrative described the protagonist interacting with one object, which was either consistent or inconsistent with his or her location. After participants finished reading text, we used recognition probe words to test the accessibility of both consistent and inconsistent objects and concluded the traits and rules for updating of spatial situation models. The experiments were also divided into three sections.The first section is Experiment 1. Different character of updating situation models in different research techniques was inquired. The results of Experiment la, Ib, Ic showed that the possibility of updating spatial situation models in the condition, which reading material were presented by key-press, is more than one in the condition that the reading material were presented automatically by computer. Moreover, the level of update was changed along with probe-word location in text.The second section is composed of Experiment 2 and Experiment 3. The purpose of these Experiments was to probe into the influences of structural and functional factors in the course of situation models updating. The results of Experiment 2a and Experiment 2b showed that distinct and integral statement for the protagonist’s position and surrounding, such as descriptive way in perspective of protagonist and elaborative narrative for the objects in spatial setting, can facilitate updating of spatial situation models. Experiment 3a, 3b demonstrated that interaction of functionality between entities play a important role in the processing of updating of spatial situation models, which was influenced by the level of matching between role and object and distance between attention focus and object.The third section included Experiment 4 and Experiment 5. In this part, how the time and goal, which were factors out of spatial dimension, affect update of spatial situation models was inquired. InExperiment 4a and Experiment 4b, the results of a recognition task demonstrated that updating of spatial dimension were influenced by time interval更多还原