传统人格的结构转换和现代延伸

【作者】 曾红；

【导师】 杨鑫辉；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 人格是文化的产物，然而，代表中国主流文化的儒家所设计的理想人格并没有成为国民人格的唯一源泉，中国的现实人格是源于儒道佛三家融合后的理想人格，但现实人格却又并非这一理想人格的完全再现，它在人格中心结构——“仁义”的方向上发生了变化，形成了以“自私虚伪—正直忠义”为首要结构特质、且负极因素占主要的现实人格结构。造成这种变化的原因很多，从心理学的角度看，主要是缺乏完善的人格建构历程。与西方传统相比，中国传统文化中一直缺乏知性的因素，使得中国国民人格中缺少理性的维度。同时，由于历史的发展，社会的变迁，一些古代优秀的人格特质如审美人格在现代社会彻底消失了。因此，在论述传统人格向现代延伸的过程中，论文既立足于现实中国人格中的积极因素，应予以继承和发扬：对于人格结构中的不足，则提出应增加科学理性，回归审美性，同时健全人格历程。这样，既可保证中国人格结构应有的活力，又可以建构出完善的新型中国人格结构。在此基础上，建构本土化的中国人格理论模型，整合了一般的人格发展历程和中国国民人格的发展途径，为国民人格的研究提出了一种新的思路。 本文以现代人格状况为背景，以中国化的人格观(人性论)为基础，以人格随中国文化发展而发展为线索，以传统文化为衬托，以新的研究方法为工具，从古代理想人格研究入手，从纵横两个方面围绕传统人格的结构转换和现代延伸进行实证研究与理论分析，并在此结论的基础上，进一步构建了本土化的中国人格理论模型。全文共分六个部分。按照中国人格现状、形成的文化背景(理想人格)，形成状况(现实人格结构)、结构比较、影响因素(人格历程)。和发展方向(现代性、理性、审美)的顺序对中国国民人格的形成、变迁和发展方向作了全面考察。更多还原

【Abstract】 Personality is a production of culture. Ideal personality which represent mainstream of Chinese culture designed by Confucian school had not been the only headspring of Chinese personality. Chinese realism personality rooted from ideal personality which fused of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. But it was not entirely reappearance of such ideal personality. It changed to the opposite direction of ideal personality in the core stricture, and forms the structure of realistic personality featured with selfish and hypocrisy. There are many reasons to make such variation, from psychological angle, it because of being short of personality dynamical structure. With the comparison to west tradition culture , there have been empty of intellectual fact in Chinese one all along, so, Chinese personality have been short of rational dimensionality. At the same time, due to the development of history and the variance of society, some excellent personality traits such as taste one lost in modern society. So, as dissertating the process of tradition personality extension to modem one, the dissertation is established in positive factors of Chinese tradition personality those we should keep and develop in the future. Some excellent traits such as science rational trait and taste one should be increased for shortage of Chinese personality structure. At the same time we should consummate the personality dynamical structure to develop the personality healthily. Then, energy of Chinese personality structure that had once can be kept as well as new personality structure can be constructed.On the basis of these, The thesis designs the theory model of indigenous personality which integrates the general developing course of personality with the developing pass of Chinese national personality and bring forward a new way for the research of national personality.Starting with research of ancient ideal personality, the article expatiates the forming, development and changes on Chinese personality in both length and breadth aspects according to time ranking. And the article take the actuality of Chinese personality as background, Chinese humanity theory as basis, the development of personality along with the development of Chinese culture as clew; tradition culture as setoff; new methods as tool. The dissertation consists of six parts to develop the theoretical analysis and empirical research on the tradition personality structure and its extension according to the order of actuality of Chinese personality, culture background, realistic personality structure, Comparison of personality structure, infection factors and direction of development (modern nature, rational trait, taste trait).更多还原