【作者】 杨文钰；

【导师】 于振文； 余松烈；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 通过1999～2001年度的“不同品种条件下烯效唑的效应研究”、“烯效唑对小麦幼苗期物质转化的影响及与壮苗的关系”、“烯效唑与密度对小麦的效应研究”和“烯效唑与施氮量对小麦的效应研究”，研究了烯效唑干拌种对小麦生长发育的形态效应、生理效应、产量效应和品质效应，明确了烯效唑干拌种增产的生理基础，并形成了烯效唑拌种的应用技术。结论如下： 1 烯效唑拌种后的形态效应 1．1烯效唑拌种形成了健壮的苗期长相 1．1．1烯效唑拌种延缓了地上部生长 烯效唑处理后，使苗期叶片、叶鞘变短，叶片变宽，叶面积减小，叶片比叶重提高，降低了苗期株高，其效应随烯效唑浓度的提高而增大，随生育进程而减弱；前期单株绿色叶面积低于对照，分蘖盛期接近对照，拔节期超过对照；幼苗出叶速度加快，随烯效唑浓度的增加，同时间的总叶数增多，3叶定长时间比对照早1～2d。 1．1．2烯效唑拌种促进了分蘖的早生快发 烯效唑处理后，分蘖发生时间提早1个叶龄，开始分蘖的蘖位为胚芽鞘；使分蘖前期(出苗后50d之内)的分蘖速度加快，烯效唑浓度越高，最大分蘖速度时间出现越早；分蘖期间单株分蘖数、单位面积群体茎蘖数高于对照，提前10d达到或接近茎蘖峰值。 1．1．3烯效唑拌种促进了根系的生长 烯效唑处理后，除根长受到抑制外，增加了单株根数和根重，提高了长度根冠比和重量根冠比。 1．2烯效唑拌种形成了源大库足的后期长相 1．2．1烯效唑促进了小麦后期叶片的生长 烯效唑处理后， 旗叶和倒2叶变长，叶面积增大，比叶重提高，增大了植株冠层(旗叶+倒2叶)叶面积，最适浓度为20mg／kg；提高了后期单株绿色叶面积，浓度以20mg／kg为佳。 1．2．2烯效唑促进了小麦后期根系生长 烯效唑处理提高了后期单株根系鲜重，使孕穗至灌浆有较大的根量。 1．2．3烯效唑促进了后期大库容的形成 烯效唑提高了孕穗后单位面积的茎蘖数，分蘖成穗率高，单株穗数和单位面积有效穗增多，后期植株高度略有降低，减小了倒伏的可能性；烯效唑使穗粒数增多，单位面积的粒数容量提高。－2－杨文锭 烯效哇对小麦生长发育的调节机理研究2 烯效哩拌种后的生理变化2＊烯效陛改变了内源激素的含量及其平衡二．1．l烯效哇处理后，种子萌发过程中胚乳中GA含量降低，ABA含量为前期降低后期提高，＊＊／＊SA降低：胚芽中 口A和IAA含量降低，ABA含量和 ZT含量提高，GA／ABA、IAA／ABA、GA亿T比值减小；胚根中GA含量、IAA含量降低，ZT含量减少，ABA含量为前期低于后期高于对照，GA／ABA、IAA／ABA、ZT／ABA、GA厄T比值减小。2．！二烯效哇处理后，分荚节中的IAA含量为分菜期低于拔节后高于对照，ZT含量为分菜期高于拔节后同丁或高于对照，GA含量为分菜期低于拔节后与对照的差异减小，ASA 含量分蔡期极低拔节后低于对照：IAA辽T 比值降低，以分莱盛期降低幅度最大；分菜进入两极分化后，IAA／ZT接近或超过对照，GA／ABA和 ZT／ABA比值高于对照。2．2烯效陛改善了小麦幼苗阶段的生理特性2．2．l 烯效哇改善了糖氮代谢 烯效哇处理后，h－胸昔掺入量增多，DNA的修复和复制加快，提高了蛋白酶的活性，氮含量下降快，可溶性蛋白质含量高，其效应以 20mg／kg为佳；烯效哇处理使幼苗期 a－淀粉酶活性降低，淀粉降解缓慢，可溶性糖含量较低，延长了胚乳对幼苗的碳水化合物供应时间，其效应随烯效哇浓度的升高而增加。出苗后，烯效哇处理提高了根、分羹节和叶的糖氮含量，使幼苗和分桑初期的糖氮比值升高，而分桑盛期至拔节期的糖氮比值降低。2．22 烯效哇提高了叶片的同化功能，改善了同化产物的分配 烯效哩处理抑制了3叶核糖该酸酶活性，使SOD、CAT、ApX活性增强，降低脂质过氧、化产物＊＊A含量，减缓了叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质含量的下降；位3叶的叶绿素含量、叶绿素a／b比值提高，碳水化合物的积累和向外输出速率较高；提高了叶片的CO；同比能力，’t同化产物向根系和分羹分配比例增加。2．2．3 烯效哇提高了根系吸收功能 烯效哇处理提高了根系活力，增强了对’中的吸收功能，分配给分孽的比例增加。二．3 烯效畦改善了小麦孕穗后的生理特性2．3．l 烯效哇促进了糖氮代谢 烯效哇处理提高了根、叶片、分葵节中的氮含量和糖含量：叶片和分菜节的糖氮比值低于对照，烯效；哇浓度加人，氮代谢增强：根系的糖氮比值高于对照，以B3（Z0m旮咤）的效应最大：烯效哇提高了成熟期茎、叶、穗中的氮含量，对主茎的效应大于分瑟。2．3．2 烯效哇延缓了叶片衰老，改善了同化产物的生产和分配 烯效吟处理抑制了旗叶核糖核酸酶活性，SOD、CAT、APX活性增强，脂质过氧化产物MD八含量降低，减缓了叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质含量的厂降；提高了旗叶的叶绿素含量、叶绿素a／b比值、光合速率，碳水化合物的积累和向外输出速率较高，以较低浓度的 BZ、B3（10～20mghg）的效果为好；烯效l哇提高了后期叶片 CO。同化能力和各器官中的’t同化产物，分荚盛期和灌浆中期的‘t同化产物向根系和穗分配的比更多还原

【Abstract】 The studies consisted of’effect of uniconazole(S-3307) applied to seeds on growth and development of different wheat varieties", "effect of uniconazole on transformation of substance after seed germination and its relationship with strong seedlings", "effect of uniconazole applied to seeds on wheat under different densities" and "effect of uniconazole applied to seeds on wheat under different nitrogen level". The effects of uniconazole on morphological and physiological characteristics, yield and grain quality of wheat were studied from 1999 to 2001. The results were as folio ws.1 Effect of uniconazole on morphological characters of wheat1.1 The healthy seedlings established by uniconazole1.1.1 The growth of aerial part retarded by uniconazole S-3307 applied to seeds made the leaves at seedling stage shorter and wider, reduced single leaf area and seedling height, increased dry weight to area ratio of leaf. The higher effect of S-3307 , the higher S-3307 concentration; the lower effect of S-3307, the later growth stage of wheat. S-3307 decreased green leaf area per plant before jointing stage, and increased it after jointing stage. The appearance rate of leaf for S-3307 treatments was quicker than that for the contol, plants of S-3307 treatments at same time had more leaf number than that of the control at the same stage. The date of full length for leaf 3 of S-3307 treatments was l~2days earlier than that of the control.1.1.2 S-3307 promoted tillering of wheat plant Plants of S-3307 treatments tillered one leaf age earlier than that of the control, and their tiller appeared at plumule node.Tillering speed of S-3307 treatments was higher than that of control before 50 days after emergence. The higher S-3307 concentration, the earlier highest tillering speed. Therefore S-3307 increased tiller number per plant and tiller number per unit area, the S-3307 treatment reached the top tiller number per unit area lOdays earlier than the control.1.1.3 S-3307 promoted root growth S-3307 increased root number, fresh root weight, length-basis root-top ratio and weight-basis root-top ratio except root length.1.2 The appearance of plant population after booting stage with large resource and bank established by uniconazole1.2.1 S-3307 promoted leaf growth S-3307 increased the length , area of flag leaf and the second leaf from above, their dry weight :area ratio and total leaf area of both leaves. And S-3307 also made the green leaf area per plant higher than the control after jointing stage. The concentration of S-3307, 20mg/kg, was the best one of all S-3307 treatments.1.2.2 S-3307 promoted root growth S-3307 increased fresh root weight per plant ,kept higher root amount from booting stage to later filling stage than the control. 1.2.3 S-3307 promoted the formation of large resource and bank S-3307 enhanced population of main stem and tiller after booting stage, increased fertile ears per plant and fertile ears per unit area by raising ear-percentage of tiller. S-3307 decreased the possibility of lodging by shortened plant height at maturing stage. The grain capacity per unit area was increased by S-3307 with more grain number per ear.2 Effect of S-3307 on physiological characteristics of wheat2.1 S-3307 changed the endogenous hormone content and their balance2.1.1 S-3307 decreased GA content, decreased ABA content at early time and increased ABA content at late time, and their balance decreased in endosperm after seed germination.S-3307 treatments decreased GA and IAA content, increased ABA and ZT content, therefore GA/ABA,IAA/ABA and GA/ZT decreased in plumule after seed germination. GA,IAA and ZT content of S-3307 treatments was reduced, ABA content of S-3307 was lower at early time and was higher at later time than that of the control, so GA/ABA, IAA/ABA, ZT/ABA and GA/ZT decreased in radicle after seed germination.2.1.2 IAA content in tillering node of S-3307 treatments was lower at tillering stage, and higher af更多还原