可持续发展的矿业开发模式研究

【作者】 杨明；

【导师】 潘长良； 周爱民；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 采矿工程， 2001， 博士

【摘要】 可持续发展是人类全面总结过去的发展历程、深刻反思以往的经济行为之后，提出的一种全新的社会发展模式，是人类社会发展的唯一必然选择。矿业作为一门基础产业，在经济和社会发展中具有十分重要的作用和地位，保持矿业可持续发展是实现社会经济可持续发展目标的根本保证。 本文在详细介绍国内外有关可持续发展研究现状和全面总结迄今为止该领域所取得的进展及成果的基础上，充分研究和揭示了矿业发展运行的特点和规律，有别于目前较热门的区域可持续发展研究，首次从全行业的视角，提出了矿业可持续发展的概念、内涵及目标；并用系统论的观点，构建了矿业可特续发展系统工程框架。 文中就我国矿业发展过程中存在的一系列问题和矛盾，以及发展难以持续的局面，从经济学原理上进行了深刻的分析，认为传统生产理论的固有缺陷是造成目前我国矿业难以持续发展的主要原因之一。对此，作者以可持续发展的理论为指导，对传统生产理论中的“投入”和“产出”概念进行了重新界定，运用扩展的“投入一产出”模型推导了矿业生产过程中投入要素与产出物之间的数量关系；同时，运用资源经济学、环境经济学、现代西方宏、微观经济学等理论，研究了矿产资源和自然环境的定价方法，以及矿业开发的规模经济问题，从而较完整地创建了可持续发展的矿业生产理论。 矿业可持续发展是一个复杂系统的发展演变过程，要使系统朝着人们预期的目标演化，除了进行客观的因势利导外，还必须对系统实施有效的控制和科学的优化。本文利用矿业生产中经济、资源与环境的相互作用关系，借助现代经济控制理论和系统工程理论，创造性建立了矿业开发过程中资源、经济与环境协调发展的经济控制模型和非线性多目标规划模型。前者给出了问题的最优解，后者结合某大型铜矿进行了实例研究，模型的正确性和实用性得到了有力的证明。 我国矿业之所以陷入目前的困境，是因为传统的矿业开发模式存在许多弊端，为此，作者在上文研究的基础上，设计了一种可持续发展的矿床开发新模式，对新模式的资源产权、生产管理、经营方式以及产业组织形式等内容进行了扼要的论述。 在实施矿业可持续发展战略中，如何测度矿业发展的状态和趋势，即矿业发展的可持续性评价是一项极为重要的工作。本文借鉴国内外学者有关研究成果，建立了一套能全面综合反映矿业发展状态和趋势的矿业可持续发展评价的指标体系，并由此建立了矿业可持续发展评价的模糊三级递阶评价模型。运用本模型对我国有色矿业发展的可持续性评价进行了实证研究，为决策层及时总结我国矿业发展的经验、发现问题，从而采取相应的调控措施，使实施矿业可持续发展战略更具可操作性提供了有效的手段。 论文最后针对我国的具体国情，就如何从法律和政策上确保和促进矿业可持续发展，提出了一些切合实际的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The sustainable development, put forward after the past progress of the development was thoroughly summed up and the bygone economic behavior was rethought profoundly, is a completely new model of social development and the only inevitable selection of human society development .The mining industry , as a basic industry, is of very important role and position in the economic and social development. Keeping the development of mining industry sustainable, therefore, is an essential guarantee of which the sustainable development goal for the social economy is achieved.On the basis of a detailed introduction into the present status of research on the related sustainable development in china and other countries and the all-round summing-up of the up-to-date progress and achievement obtained in this field, the features and laws of development operation of mining industry have been studied and revealed to the full. It differs from the study of local sustainable development, which is a hotter topic at present, that As firstly viewed from the whole mining industry, the concepts, connotations and goals of the sustainable of mining industry have been presented ;according to the viewpoint of the -Theory, the system engineering of sustainable development of mining industry has been framed.In this article ,the theory of economics has been used to deeply analyze a series of problems and contradictions in the process of china’s mining inductry development and the situation of its development difficult to be sustainable. It is considered that the intrinsic shortcomings of the conventional production theory are one of main causes for difficulty in the sustainable development of china’s mining industry at present. Taking the theory of sustainable as a guide, hereto, the authors have redefined the concepts on "input"and "outpuf’in the conventional production theory and used an evolvable"input - output" model to infer the quantity relatian of input elements to output in the production process of mining industry.Meanwhile, by using the theories of resources /environment economics and modern west economics etc.,a pricing method for mineral resources and natural environment and the problem on the scale economics of mining development has been studied, so that the theory of mining production with sustainable development has been established completely.The sustainable development of mining industry is a development evolving process of complicated system. If the system is made to evolve toward the expectant goal, it is necessary to put an effective control and scientific optimization on thesystem, with the exception of objectively turning a thing to advantage.Based on the interactive relation of economics-resources-environment in the mining production, the economics control model of resources-economics-environment coordination development and the nonlinear multiple-goal planning model in the process of mining development have been established creatively through the medium of modern economics control theory and system engineering theory. The fromer gave an optimal solution to problem, while the later was combined with a large-scale copper mine to make a case study so that the correctness and practicability of model were proved powerfully.China’s mining industry has got into difficult position at present, for the reason that the conventional mode of mining development has many disadvantages. Based on the previous study in this article, therefore, the authors have designed a new mode of ore deposit mining with sustainable development, and made a brief description of resources property right, production management, operating mode and industrial organization form etc. of the new mode.In the enforcement of sustainable development strategy of mining industry, how to measure the status and trend of mining industry development, i.e .the assessment of sustainableness of mining industry development, is a very important work. By using the related achievement in research made by scholars in china and other countries for reference, a更多还原