【作者】 邓永学；

【导师】 赵志模； 李隆术；

【作者基本信息】 西南农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2001， 博士

【摘要】 绿豆象Callosobruchus chinensis Linnaeus在我国严重危害储藏豆类。在重庆市及四川省西昌市，绿豆象尽管外部形态相似，但对豆类危害特性上却存在差异。绿豆象在重庆主要危害储藏绿豆Vigna radiata、豇豆V. sinensis及饭豆V. angularis，而在西昌，绿豆象则主要危害蚕豆Viciafaba和大豆Glymine max。 在20℃、25℃、28℃、30℃、32℃及35℃及75％rh下，采用绿豆V. radiata作饲料，研究比较重庆绿豆象及西昌绿豆象生物学生态学特性差异，结果表明，温度对两地绿豆象发育历期、存活率及繁殖力影响显著（P＜0.05）。t测验表明两地绿豆象整个未成熟期在25℃、32℃下差异显著（P＜0.05）。发育起点温度重庆绿豆象卵期及豆内期分别为14.15℃及13.53℃；西昌绿豆象分别为12.05℃，12.34℃，发育起点差异代表了种的地理分布特点。成虫寿命两地理种群之间在25℃、28℃、30℃下存在显著差异（P＜0.05）。重庆绿豆象产卵量高于同温下西昌绿豆象产卵量，同温下两地理种群产卵量之间存在显著差异（P＜0.05）。重庆绿豆象内禀增长率在32℃达最大值（0.07861），西昌绿豆象在30℃时达最大值（0.06310）。 在30℃、75％rh条件下，研究绿豆V. radiata、饭豆V. angularis、蚕豆V. faba、爬山豆V. umbellata及大豆G. max对绿豆象两地理种群生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明，幼虫取食绿豆、饭豆、蚕豆及爬山豆后，豆内幼虫及蛹发育历期差异不显著，但取食大豆后，差异显著（P＜0.05）。取食绿豆、饭豆、爬山豆后，世代存活率重庆绿豆象高于西昌绿豆氟 取食大豆及蚕豆后，世代存活率西昌绿豆象高于重庆绿豆象。食物对产卵量的彤响极为显著u狈．of入 同一食物两地理种群产卵量之间差异显著u叨．05人成虫产卵对寄主具有涉择任，均宜欢产卵于表面光滑的大豆上。新羽化成虫体重测定结果表明取含大豆后，西昌绿豆象重于重庆绿豆象。在大豆上造成的羽化孔内径西昌绿豆象大于重庆绿豆象。 综上所述，绿豆象两地理种群由于地理田高和豆类栽用制度的不同，在长期的进化过程中，其生长发盲、繁殖及危害特性上已明显达到分化程度，形成了两个不同的地理种群。 巴西豆象动broies sMoscz’atusBohe删系我国目前进境植物检疫对象之一。在控制隔高条件下，利用社豆 V sinensis作寄主，在 90％rh下，研究温度（20t、24t、28t、32℃、36’C）对巴西豆象生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明：在五种温度下，巴西豆象从印至成虫发育历期（未成熟用）分别为83．8，46．7，25．2，22．8，22．2天．发育起点卵为15．66C，豆内用幼虫和蛹为14．78C，鳖个未成戳期为15．ot。温度与发育速率呈逻辑斯谛关系．世代存活串以32℃最高O8．e入20t最低 （3．e人成虫寿命及产卵用口湿庄升高线性地獭短。产印量受沮度影响显著，在20—28℃范固内，冈着温度升高，产卵量逐陌增加，温度超过28℃，产卵数又明显下降。内禀增长率与温度之间的关系可用二次抛物线方程拟合，最适种群增长理论温度 32．6 t。湿度因子试验表明高湿有利于巴西豆象种群增长。 在 20、24、28、32、36C五种温度及90％rh条件下，研究比较菜R肋aseolus vu人枯rzs、社R 0 sznensls、雪R（小白 H）尸 luna ins、 2 绿豆 y raw、饭豆厂仰卯阶is、豌豆 P sa ti vum及大豆 G．max对 巴西豆象生长发育和蟹殖的影响。结果表明，巴西豆象幼虫取食菜豆、 虹豆、雪豆、绿豆及饭豆后，均能正常发育和繁殖；而产在豌豆表面的 卵虽能孵化，但幼虫蛀入不久便死亡；幼虫取食大豆后，只有极少数成 虫羽化。幼虫取食菜豆、可豆及雪豆后，从卵至成虫发育历期较在饭豆 及绿豆上短，世代存活率高，内莫槽长率大，系巴西豆象最适寄主，而 绿豆及饭豆可视为巴西豆象较适宜寄主。在进行巴西豆象疫情监测时， 以上寄主均应作为重点寄主对待。 双低储粮虫螨群落组成研究表明，双低小麦粮仓虫螨组成简单，优 势种群为腐食酪螨Q们劝加凹砧 pu们sentiae（Schrank）、害嗜鳞螨 L即j蛔加帖 dest wCt” （）及书虱 LlposcellS bostl’echoph。Ins L，次要种群为长角扁谷盗 Cpolestes pus。11us（S．）、e米象 Sltoph。1。z。Is Motschulsky、日本蛛甲 凡。uns jpon。c；Is Renter、裸蛛甲 tabbllon pndlo。des Czempinsk、谷蠢a几忆Op。tha dominica（Fab）、锯谷盗 伍r朋印加jlus surt。amensjs（L）、杂拟谷 盗 Trlboltum confUSum Jacq．等。 在 20、25、28、30、35℃五种温度和 75％rh下，研究 9％ 0。、16％ CO。 及 5％0卜 12％CO。两种气调环境对杂拟谷盗 Z confUSum Jaco．生长发 育和繁殖的影响，并设自然大?更多还原

【Abstract】 The development of a sound stored product pest management program depends on a thorough understanding of pest biology and ecology. Therefore, effects of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, food, and gas on development, reproduction, mortality of four kinds of stored product insect pests were researched as follows. 1. Effects of temperature and host on development and reproduction of the southern cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) The family Bruchidae at present consists of approximately 1300 species, distributing in every continent except Antarctic. The largest number of species lives in the tropical regions of Asia, Africa, Central and South America. More than 20 beetles of the family Bruchidae are serious pests of cultivated leguminous seeds (pulses) such as the southern cowp.a weevil, CaJIosobruchua chlnenais (L.); the bean weevil, Acanthoacelld.a obt.ctua Say; cowpea weevil, C. maculatus (Fab.); the Mexican bean beetle, Zabrotes sub fasciatus (Boheman). The southern cowp.a weevil, Calloaobruchus chln.naia (L.) is one of the moot serious stored pulse pests in R R. China. There are two different geographical populations in Chongqlng and Xichang In Southwest China. The two geographical populations have no morphological difference, but they damage different legume seeds in its original places. Broad bean, VIcia faba and soybean, Glymine max are Infested In Xlchang, whereas mung bean, Vigna radiatus, adzuki bean, V. angularls, and cowpea, V alnensis are infested in Chongqing. The difference of bionomics and ecologics of the two populations on mung bean ( Vigna radiatua) at six constant temperatures( 20,25,28,30,32, 35C) and 75%rh was researched. At thee. temperatures, th. developmental period of Chongqlng population from egg to adult (immature stage) were 55.9, 27.1, 23.6, 22.2, 20.6, and 25.0 days, respectively, whereas the developmental period of Xichang population 54.4,25.9,22.5,23.2, respectively. The eggs of Xichang population could not hatch at 35C. ANOVA showed that temperature affected the development period significantly (P<0.05). t-test Indicated there was significant difference of the combined immature stage between the two geographical populations (Pc0.05) at 25 and 32C. Th. minimum temperature for egg development and inside bean( larva .0. pupa) were 14.15C and 13.53 for Chongqing population and 12.05 C and 12.34 for Xichang population. Obviously, low temperature threshold differed between the two populations. A nonlinear Wang-Nang-Ding model describing the relationship between the developmental rate and temperature was conducted. Adult longevity and oviposition period declined linearly as temperature increased. Adult and ovipositon period of Chongqing population was longer than that of Xichang population at the same temperature. Within the range of 25-320C, temperature affected adult and oviposition period insignificantly (P>0.05), but significant difference existed between the two geographical population at 25, 28, 30 . Temperature also affected fertility significantly (PcO.05). The average oviposition (eggs per female) between the two geographical populations differed significantly at the same temperature (P0.05). The intrinsic rate of increase (Fm) was calculated accordin更多还原