【作者】 王金武；

【导师】 杨广林；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2001， 博士

【摘要】 本研究是黑龙江省农业现代化建设创新工程课题的一个子课题，通过系统研究水稻田间主产过程机器系统，为三江平原加快实施水稻生产全程机械化提供理论依据。 根据国内外水稻田间生产过程机械化研究现状，结合三江平原水稻生产过程机械化的实际情况，本文以耕整地、插秧和收获作业环节的机器系统作为研究对象，对水稻田间生产的环境条件、生产工艺过程、最佳作业期、机器系统选型等进行了综合优化研究。 本文较系统地对PVC塑料池埂进行了试验研究，得出应用PVC塑料池埂从经济性和适用性上均优于泥埂，有利于机械化作业，节省劳力，不误农时，降低了综合费用，它是水稻生产作业的一种变革性的措施。 采用随机区组试验研究方法，对三江平原水稻生产中插秧和收获作业环节的适时性损失进行了试验，首次得到了该地区水稻生产适时性损失函数和适时性损失系数，使水稻生产机器系统的配备理论更加完善。 本文对实际操作过程中提出的履带车辆（前驱动）前进比后退省力进行试验研究，通过自行研制的转向力矩传感器和标准扭矩仪以及拉压传感器，对履带车辆前驱动和后驱动的转向力矩、制动力和转向半径进行了测试，首次得出履带车辆前驱动比后驱动转向力矩小50％的结论，同时得到转向力矩与制动力和转向半径的变化规律，以及制动力与转向半径的变化规律，这些结论为履带车辆在前后驱动配置上提供了重要的理论依据。 运用模糊数学综合评判和层次分析方法分别对三江平原实际应用效果较好的水稻插秧机和联合收割机设置多项指标进行多种机型的优选，按综合指标给出了优劣排序。 本文首次将适时性损失最小引入目标函数，建立了机器系统配备的非线性规划模型，并对三种方案进行了模拟优化，得出了使用PVC池埂的两旋一翻方案最优，同时得到插秧和收获作业天数是系统成本影响最大的因素，获得了三江平原水稻的适宜插秧和收获作业天数，以及水稻田间生产机械化系统的机器配备量。对比分析表明，优化的机器系统经济效果显著，具有良好的可操作性，从而为三江平原实现水稻全程机械化提供了重要的理论指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 This research is one branch of the subject named Hei Long Jiang province agricultural Modernization Engineering. It provides a base theory to realizing rice field production mechanization for Saniiang Plain, through the systematic studying the rice field production machine system. According to domestic and foreign rice field production process research present status, associating with practice condition of SanJiang plain rice cultivation process mechanization, of tillage machine system, rice transplanting and harvesting operation was studied in this dissertation, environmental condition, production technology process, optimum operation period and machine model chosen of machine system of rice field production were synthetic optimum design. PVC plastic pool dike was tested and investigated in this subject and concluded that. economy and applicability of PVC plastic pooi dike is better than earth pool dike抯, it is suitable for make mechanization operation, reduces manpower, no delaying cultivation time. It is a revolution measure of rice production operation. Adopting randomized blocks experimental investigation method, timeliness loss of transplanting and harvesting operation in San.Jiang plain rice production were put to test. Function and coefficient of timeliness loss of period in this zone rice production was obtained . It enrich the allocating theory of rice production mechanization. Phenomenon that tract vehicle needs more power while it advancing than fallback was investigated. Steering torque, brake force, turning radius were tested while caterpillar advance and fall back, using steering torque sensor and torque meter which both developed by ourselves. The conclusion that steering torque of tract vehicle rear drive is half of the steering torque of caterpillar front drive, in the meantime, steering torque changing regular brake force and turning radius was obtained, changing regular between brake force and turning 2001 ~ 5 .~ radius was obtained too. These conclusions provided important theory on fitting of front drive and rear drive. Using fuzzy mathematics and hierarchy analysis, setting up targets, rice transplants and combines which have better practice application effect were optimized, order of quality according to comprehensive index are given. Timeliness loss was introduced as the object function firstly, no條ine plan model of machine system equipment was built, three plans were analog optimized, two rotary tillage and one cultivation is best plan using PVC plastic poo1 dike. In the meantime, factor that has most effect to system cost is day number of proper transplanting and harvesting .The day number of proper translating and harvesting in Sanjiang plain has been gotten and machine amount of rice field production mechanization system are obtained too. Comparison the conclusion that optimum machine system has notable economic effect, good operability has been shown by comparison analysis and provided important theory direct for realizing rice full mechanization in San Jiang plain.更多还原