节点文献
地理教学理论问题研究
A Study of the Theory Problem of the Geography Instruction
【作者】 林宪生;
【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 , 教学论, 2000, 博士
【摘要】 改变地理学科面临的社会、学校、家长、教师、学生“五位一体’的轻视局面,走出地理教学理论实践与发展的两难境地,是当前地理教学理论研究的重要课题。地理教学的价值取向、目的确立、内容改革、方法建设是地理教学理论问题研究的主要之义。不论是改变地理学科现状,还是促进地理教学理论发展,该研究都有十分重要的跨世纪的意义。 作者认为,摆脱地理学科面临的困境,应该从世界大背景来考虑,从宏观发展和微观需要来寻找地理学科的生长点。可持续发展、知识经济是地理学科摆脱困境的机遇,实施素质教育是地理学科构建新的教学理论体系的立足点。 在引论部分,作者从世界(宏观)、我国(中观)、地理教学理论自身(微观)三个层次阐述了问题提出的背景,对本文的研究意义、现状和研究方法进行了较为详细的说明,勾勒出以“指导思想、研究路线、研究方式、研究方法、研究目的”为链条的研究框架。 地理教学价值取向定位部分,客观地展示了本文研究的时代背景,以及在该背景下地理教育的担当。提出了可持续发展是一种新的地理学思想、地理教学指导思想的重要组成部分及环境意识教育是地理教学主要内容的观点。环境教育、契合点文化传承、科学技术再认、创造力开发、全球观念形成、学会认知是当代地理教学价值指归。形成了关于社会与个体、科学与人文、知识与智力、国际化与民族化整合的原则性认识。 在地理教学目的确立部分,讨论了古今中外各种教育教学目的观的影响,评价了国外地理教学目的。作者认为,树立全球意识是当代地理教学德育目的的主题;发展学生的创造力和培养社会技能是当代地理教学能力目的的追求;加强地理科学原理与理论知识是当代地理教学知识目的的应然。对作为地理教学目的指归的地理教学价值规定、作为地理教学目的保证的师生性质规定和作为地理教学目的载体的地理人才素质规定的地理教学目的体系框架的构建,以及对地理教学目的的知识内容、技能内容和品格内容体系结构都有一定的认识,确定了本文研究的逻辑起点和归宿。 在地理教学内容改革部分,作者简单地考察了现代地理学的发展,获得了协调“人口、资源、环境、发展”(PRED)的关系是整个人类的选择,是地理学研究的主要课题的认识,为地理教学内容改革奠定了物质基础。提出了以地理知识的实用价值、智慧价值和发展价值为依据,以基础性、问题性和超前性为原则,以培养可持续发展的人地观为主题,以PRED为线索,以人文地理、自然地理、区域地理、热点问题为组成的地理教学内容改革思路。按《中国基础教育课程改革指导纲要》规定,初中“社会科学”综合课中的地理部分,是以人文地理为重点,以社区的热点问题为中心组织教学内容,模式是:“人文地理+自然地理+广泛的专题区域地理+热点问题”。“自然科学”综合课中的地理部分,主要是地学的部分知识。仍以分科形式进行的高中地理,教学内容是初 林宪生:地理教学理论问题研究 中地理的继续和深人,其模式是:“人文地理+自然地理+可选择的专题区域地理+热 点问题(较深人、全面的)+选修”。 在地理教学方法建设部分,作者认为,作为完成地理教学任务、实现地理教学目的 中介环节的地理教学方法,必须符合地理教学特点。由于视角不同,人们对地理教学 过程的实质认识不同,回答也就不同。本文从素质教育的角度全面认识地理教学过程 实质,获得了地理教学过程是学生特殊的认识过程、复杂的心理体验过程和促进人才 与文化双重建构的师生交往过程相互渗透并动态生成的适应与发展的过程的认识。 讨论了地理教学过程有别于其他教学过程而存在的包括指导思想、教学内容、教学方 法和教学形式等方面的主要特点,即人地关系理论的指导思想特点,广泛性、综合性和 区域性的内容特点,经常运用地图的手段特点,结合乡土的方式特点,联系实际的应用 特点。建立了适合于地理教学内容和特点的、体现时代主体性精神的、以建构主义学 习理论为基础的地理活动教学模式。探讨了以主体性与主导性并重为主要特征的地 理教学模式应遵循的教学原则,在6条教学原则的规定下,作者以地理教学目的为视 界,以地理教学内容为服务宗旨,以地理教学特点为依托,根据地理教学方法的本质的 目的性和适应性、生成的多边性与多样性、内涵的个体性与全面性、运行的继承性与发 展性、操作的双部性与综合性等特点,从横向和纵向两个维度分析了地理教学方法的 结构,建立了由认识方法、组织方法、教学手段共同组成的地理活动教学方法体系。较 为详细、具体地论述了地理教学方法的设计和地理课内、课外教学方法的实践选择,对 地理课外教学的概念重新进行界定,提出地理课外教学并不是地理课堂教学的补充或 准备
【Abstract】 Nowadays, geography instruction is faced with a difficult situation, for it is belittled by the society, school, parents. So changing this kind of unfavorable situation is a major problem of the research on the present theory of geography instruction. The essence of the research on geography is included in value orientation, aim establishment, reform of content and method construct. The present research has great significance beyond this century for both a change in the present situation and the development of the theory of geography instruction. In the author?s opinion, the broadly world-wide background should be taken into account in order to shake off the difficulty geography faced, i.e. pursue the threshold from macroscopical and microcosmic. The sustainable development and knowledge economy provide. Chances for geography reform and implementation of quality education is regarded as the basis new theory of geography instruction. The introductory part has a complete elaboration of the background, the significance, the present situation and method of the present study, which is guided by the thought, route, orientation, method and aim. The part of value orientation objectively demonstrates the time background and the task of geography instruction and puts forward ideas that the sustainable development is an important component of geography thought and the guideline. The education of environment awareness plays a crucial part in geography instruction. The vale orientation consists of environment education, cultural transition of creativity, shape of world-wide concept and cognition-acquisition. As a result, a holistic survey is needed in order to have a complete understanding between society and individual, science and humanity, knowledge and intellect and internationalization and nationalization respectively. The part of aim establishment discusses the influences of various educational thoughts on geography instruction in modern or ancient times, and in China or elsewhere, evaluates the aim of geography instruction abroad. In author抯 Opinion, geography instruction morally aims at world-wide awareness, ability aim pursuit of contemporary geography instruction demands development of students?creativity and their social technical ability. It is necessary for us to make * some reinforcement of scientific principle and theoretical knowledge of geography. The logical start and final stop of this study are made via the presentations of value stereotype as its orientation, the establishment of relationship between students and Teachers as assurance of the aim of geography, the set-up of framework of aim as carrier of the qualities of geography talents, and some identification of knowledge, ability and morality. The part of reform simply examines the development of geography instruction, and a conclusion is thus made the establishment 01 harmomous relationship among popuiatlon, naiur~u resources, environment and development, which provided material foundation for the reform of geography instruction, is needed for human choice and identification of geographical research, and outline of reform is proposed, which is based on the practical, intellectual and developed values, guided by fundamentality, problematical and advancement, foreground by the cultivation of sustainable development idea between human and Earth, and
【Key words】 geography instruction; value orientation; aim establishment; Reform of content; method construct;
- 【网络出版投稿人】 西北师范大学 【网络出版年期】2002年 01期
- 【分类号】G633.55
- 【被引频次】24
- 【下载频次】4077