【作者】 崔新影；

【导师】 林文洁；

【作者基本信息】 北方工业大学 ， 建筑学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 认知障碍是老年人常见病症之一,并且发病率随着年龄的增长逐渐升高,而认知障碍老人出现的精神行为症状,使其护理难度增加。当今社会家庭规模小型化,家庭成员兼顾多个社会角色,认知障碍老人的居家护理难度很大,对专业化养老机构的需求更为迫切。但由于对认知障碍老人的行为特点缺乏了解,目前我国多数养老机构在设施的功能构成与空间设计上缺乏针对性。本文选取具有专业认知障碍老人照护水平的两家养老机构中的三个认知障碍护理单元作为调研对象,研究老人的行为特点与空间关系。通过持续定点观察的方法,观察老人对单元餐厅、单元公共活动室、疗愈空间的使用情况,分析不同认知障碍程度老年人的互动行为、个体行为的行为类型、行为场所以及座位的选择等特点,探求认知障碍老年人对空间使用的需求。通过对三个单元中共18位认知障碍老人全天的行为动线跟踪调查,记录其使用到的功能空间、在各空间中的停留时长等,根据老人在空间移动中的主动性与被动性进行分类,尝试分析归纳不同类型老年人的行为特点、相关功能空间关系模型,进而提出以护理单元空间为主的认知障碍老人空间设计建议,以期为今后认知障碍老人护理机构的空间设计提供参考借鉴。认知障碍老人的主要空间设计建议如下:(1)护理单元公共空间宜设两处,即单元餐厅与单元活动室宜分设,且两处空间宜既有视线上的联系又有一定错位关系;(2)餐厅的座位数宜多于单元老年人数,且餐桌宜以四人桌、单人桌的搭配为宜;(3)活动室的家具宜分组布置;(3)独立设置的疗愈空间难以发挥作用,宜与其他使用功能结合设置;(4)认知障碍老年人使用到的功能空间主要有:居室、单元餐厅、单元活动室、室外平台或室外花园、单元公共卫生间、多功能厅、单元外的机构公共活动空间。应加强居室与单元餐厅、单元活动室之间的联系,此外,单元活动室与室外空间、单元餐厅与公共卫生间之间应有直接联系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cognitive impairment is one of the common symptoms in the elderly,and the incidence of cognitive impairment increases with the increase of age,and the mental and behavioral symptoms of the elderly with cognitive impairment make it more difficult to care.Nowadays,the scale of the family is miniaturized,and the family members take into account many social roles.It is very difficult to care for the elderly with cognitive impairment at home,and the demand for professional pension institutions is more urgent.However,due to the lack of understanding of the behavioral characteristics of the elderly with cognitive impairment,most of the pension institutions in our country are lack of pertinence in the functional composition and spatial design of the facilities.In this paper,three nursing units of cognitive impairment in two old-age institutions with professional cognitive impairment were selected as the subjects to study the behavioral characteristics and spatial relationship of the elderly.Through the method of continuous fixed-point observation,the use of unit restaurant,unit public activity room and healing space was observed,and the interactive behavior and individual behavior types of the elderly with different degrees of cognitive impairment were analyzed.The characteristics of behavior place and seat selection are to explore the demand for space use of the elderly with cognitive impairment.A follow-up survey of 18 elderly people with cognitive impairment throughout the day was conducted to record the work they used.Energy space,length of stay in each space,according to the initiative and passivity of the elderly in space movement,try to analyze and summarize the behavior characteristics of different types of elderly,related functional spatial relationship model,Furthermore,some suggestions on the spatial design of the elderly with cognitive impairment,which are mainly based on the space of nursing unit space,are put forward in order to provide reference for the spatial design of nursing institutions for the elderly with cognitive impairment in the future.The main spatial design suggestions of the elderly with cognitive impairment are as follows:(1)there should be two public spaces in the nursing unit,that is,the unit restaurant and the unit activity room should be divided,and the two spaces should have both line of sight and dislocation;(2)the number of seats in the restaurant should be more than the number of elderly people in the unit,and the dining table should be matched with a fo-ur-person table and a single table.(3)the furniture in the activity room should be arranged in groups;(3)the independent healing space is difficult to play and should be set up in combination with other usage functions.(4)the main functional spaces used by the elderly with cognitive impairment are:bedroom,unit restaurant,unit activity room,outdoor platform or outdoor.Garden,unit public bathroom,multi-function hall,organization public activity space outside the unit.The relationship between bedroom and unit restaurant and unit activity room should be strengthened.In addition,there should be direct connection between unit activity room and outdoor space,unit restaurant and public bathroom.更多还原